DC was carved out of Maryland rather than Michigan, Florida, or Kansas.
Senator Stabenow, by way of example, has a residence in Michigan. Judge Sotomayer has a Greenwich Village pad into which she has sunk the bulk of her wealth. Both will also reside in Washington DC while carrying out their duties. Without having any count, I suspect that many Washington DC residents reside there temporarily attending to government or lobbying activities.
I know you don't like semantic definitions but "legal residence", "domicile", and "home of record" are related legal terms. This is a good article on these terms although it needs to be updated for the citizens of this world who have business with intergalactic beings.
http://definitions.uslegal.com/r/residence/
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