Why can't Detroit annex neighbouring cities to regain its population?

[Danny]

What? 90% of the suburbs are white?

YEP! while 10% of the Metro Detroit suburbs are mostly black.

[Detroitnerd]

YEP! while 10% of the Metro Detroit suburbs are mostly black.

Are you saying that of the 100-odd suburban communities, 90 percent of them are mostly white? Or that of the 100-odd suburban communities, their population is 90 percent white?

[Patrick]

Benefits would include:

--stemming the endless stream of unneeded residential/commercial development along the rural fringe, while focusing on strengthening what we already have.
--consolidation of governmental services, thereby reducing taxes needed to pay for 100s of mayors, police chiefs, etc.
--economies of scale when it comes to contracts for city services, again reducing the tax burden of most residents.
--less regional in-fighting and more cooperation on bringing new developments and jobs to the region.
--better national image as far as social/economic statistics are concerned. For example, Detroit would no longer be the "most dangerous city". In fact, it would actually have one of the lowest crime rates in the country, when compared to other cities.

Segregation would still be rampant. There would still be in-fighting and things would become more clan-like.

[hudkina]

I never said anything about segregation. Segregation is going to persist regardless of a unigov. Again, this has nothing to do with "fixing" Detroit or race relations. It has to do with creating a single voice for the region, lowering taxes for most residents, and streamlining government services to make things more efficient. Under a unigov the inner-city neighborhoods aren't going to magically be cured of all their social ills.

Also, studies would obviously be done showing how much a unigov would actually save the region in tax dollars, as well as the likely benefits and drawbacks to a unigov system.

Lastly, the whole idea that people who live in Rochester Hills would instantly think their neighborhood would become a crime infested ghetto with poor schools and terrible city services is silly. The word Detroit has two connotations: a negative one associated with the actual city [[crime, abandonmnent, corruption, etc.), and a generally positive one associated with the region [[sports teams, zoo, airport, corporations, etc.) A consolidated unigov would ultimately trend more toward the positive association.

Here's something many people don't realize: The city of Houston covers nearly 600 sq. mi. If the city of Detroit somehow annexed its inner-ring suburbs so that it also covered nearly 600 sq. mi., it would have about the same murder rate as the city of Houston. Such things as crime rates, etc. are one of the biggest factors in how people from around the world picture Detroit.

Perception is everything. With its current boundaries, Detroit is one of the supposed "Most Dangerous Cities" but if nothing else except the city boundaries changed, Detroit would instantly fall to the middle of the pack. The same would be true for other social and economic statistics.

There would still be extremely high crime and poverty rates in the inner-city, but those numbers would be highly diluted by the relatively low crime and poverty rates in the rest of the Tri-County area. Ultimately, as Detroit would fall from the "bad" lists and start showing up on the "good" lists, the general perception of the region as a whole would improve.

[Quonset Hut]

Also, studies would obviously be done showing how much a unigov would actually save the region in tax dollars, as well as the likely benefits and drawbacks to a unigov system.

But wait, why project forward when we have data for Houston, Indy, Columbus, etc,? Remember, it is up to YOU to prove the point. Where is the data for the areas that have done this?

[Danny]

One thing is for sure. Detroit and the suburbs will NEVER be annexed because the the state boundry commissions orders:

Section 123.1001


STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1001 Definitions.
Sec. 1.
As used in this act:
[[a) “Adjusted boundaries” means the total area that would be encompassed by a municipality if a municipal boundary adjustment is approved as proposed in a petition or resolution.
[[b) “Commission” means the state boundary commission.
[[c) “Secretary” means the executive secretary of the commission.
[[d) “Municipality” means an incorporated city or village.
[[e) “Municipal boundary adjustment” means incorporation of a new city or village, consolidation of 2 or more cities, villages or townships as a new city, and the annexation of territory to a city where the commission has jurisdiction over annexation proceedings.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973
Compiler's Notes: For transfer of powers and duties of the state boundary commission from the department of commerce to the director of the department of consumer and industry services, see E.R.O. No. 1996-2, compiled at MCL 445.2001 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.

Section 123.1001

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1001 Definitions.
Sec. 1.
As used in this act:
[[a) “Adjusted boundaries” means the total area that would be encompassed by a municipality if a municipal boundary adjustment is approved as proposed in a petition or resolution.
[[b) “Commission” means the state boundary commission.
[[c) “Secretary” means the executive secretary of the commission.
[[d) “Municipality” means an incorporated city or village.
[[e) “Municipal boundary adjustment” means incorporation of a new city or village, consolidation of 2 or more cities, villages or townships as a new city, and the annexation of territory to a city where the commission has jurisdiction over annexation proceedings.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973
Compiler's Notes: For transfer of powers and duties of the state boundary commission from the department of commerce to the director of the department of consumer and industry services, see E.R.O. No. 1996-2, compiled at MCL 445.2001 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.



Section 123.1002

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1002 State boundary commission; creation; appointment, qualifications, terms, and removal of members; vacancy; compensation; expenses; chairman.
Sec. 2.
The state boundary commission is created consisting of 3 members appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the senate. The term of office of members shall be 3 years and until their successors are appointed and qualified. A member of the commission may be removed in the manner provided by law for removal of a public officer. A vacancy shall be filled for the unexpired term in the same manner as the original appointment. Members appointed by the governor shall be known as state members and shall qualify by taking and filing the constitutional oath of office. The per diem compensation of the commission and the schedule for reimbursement of expenses shall be established annually by the legislature. The governor shall designate a state member as chairman of the commission.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1975, Act 72, Imd. Eff. May 20, 1975
Compiler's Notes: For transfer of State Boundary Commission from the Department of Treasury to the Department of Commerce, see E.R.O. No. 1980-1, compiled at MCL 16.732 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.





Section 123.1003

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1003 State boundary commission; employees and consultants.
Sec. 3.
The commission may appoint such employees and retain such consultants as may be necessary, but who shall not be members of the commission, within limits of appropriations made for this purpose.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968

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[Danny]

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Section 123.1004

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1004 State boundary commission; offices and facilities; rules, regulations, and procedures; meetings; records; oaths.
Sec. 4.
The commission shall be furnished with suitable office space and facilities in Lansing by the department of administration. The state members shall make rules and regulations and prescribe procedures necessary or desirable in carrying out the intent and purpose of this act, including forms of petitions for municipal boundary adjustments, and the documents, maps and supporting statements deemed to be necessary, establish rules for public hearings, for the submission of supplementary documents and statements, and governing the holding of elections where necessary. The state members shall meet when there are matters pending for their consideration and keep a record of all proceedings. The rules and regulations of the commission shall be promulgated in accordance with the provisions of Act No. 88 of the Public Acts of 1943, as amended, being sections 24.71 to 24.80 of the Compiled Laws of 1948, and subject to the provisions of Act No. 197 of the Public Acts of 1952, as amended, being sections 24.101 to 24.110 of the Compiled Laws of 1948. The state members of the commission may administer oaths to persons appearing before the commission.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968
Admin Rule: R 123.1 et seq. of the Michigan Administrative Code.



Section 123.1004a

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1004a State boundary commission; conducting business at public meeting; notice; availability of writings to public.
Sec. 4a.
[[1) The business which a commission created pursuant to this act may perform shall be conducted at a public meeting of the commission held in compliance with Act No. 267 of the Public Acts of 1976, being sections 15.261 to 15.275 of the Michigan Compiled Laws. Public notice of the time, date, and place of the meeting shall be given in the manner required by Act No. 267 of the Public Acts of 1976.
[[2) A writing prepared, owned, used, in the possession of, or retained by a commission created pursuant to this act in the performance of an official function shall be made available to the public in compliance with Act No. 442 of the Public Acts of 1976, being sections 15.231 to 15.246 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.

History: Add. 1978, Act 599, Imd. Eff. Jan. 4, 1979

Section 123.1005

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1005 Municipal boundary adjustments; appointment of county members and alternates to serve on commission; residency requirement; vacancy; term; per diem and expenses; oath.
Sec. 5.
The presiding probate judge in each county shall appoint 2 persons and 2 alternates for those persons residing in that county to serve on the commission when the commission considers municipal boundary adjustments for territory lying within his or her county. One appointee and his or her alternate shall reside in a township, and 1 appointee and his or her alternate shall reside in a city. If there is no city in a county at the time of the filing of a petition for a municipal boundary adjustment, the presiding probate judge shall appoint 2 county members and alternates from the county at large. Within 30 days after notice from the commission that a municipal boundary adjustment is pending in the county and the office of 1 or more of the county members is vacant, the presiding probate judge shall make original appointments and any appointment to fill a vacancy. A county member shall serve for 3 years and until his or her successor is appointed and qualified. Notwithstanding the appointment and qualification of a successor, a county member shall continue to serve until the conclusion of all boundary adjustment matters which were filed during his or her term or the filing of which gave rise to his or her appointment. If a municipal boundary adjustment involves territory lying in more than 1 county, the county members of the county in which the greater part of the territory to be included within the adjusted boundaries lies shall serve on and be voting members of the commission. A county member shall receive per diem and expenses as authorized and paid by the county board of commissioners when serving on the commission on matters involving territory within his or her county. A county member shall qualify by taking and filing the constitutional oath of office.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973 ;-- Am. 1988, Act 39, Imd. Eff. Mar. 7, 1988



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[Danny]

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1006 Order of processing petitions and resolutions.
Sec. 6.
Except as otherwise provided in this act, the commission shall process all petitions and resolutions in the order in which they are filed and shall finally dispose of a petition or resolution before taking up any other petitions or resolutions which deal with all or any part of the same territory. With respect to petitions for annexation proceedings filed with the board of supervisors or the secretary of state and petitions or resolutions for boundary adjustment proceedings filed with the commission, covering all or any part of the same territory, the petition or resolution first filed shall be processed before and take precedence over a petition or resolution subsequently filed.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973
Section 123.1007

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1007 Incorporation of village or city; initiation; petitions; signatures and filing; powers and duties of commission; census; other means of incorporation; incorporation of general law village or home rule village without change of boundaries.
Sec. 7.
[[1) Except as otherwise provided in this act, the incorporation of a village shall be initiated as prescribed in and shall be subject to Act No. 278 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, being sections 78.1 to 78.28 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, and the incorporation of a city shall be initiated as prescribed in and shall be subject to Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, being sections 117.1 to 117.38 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.
[[2) Except as provided in section 10a, petitions proposing the incorporation of a city shall be signed by a number of persons who are qualified electors and freeholders residing within the affected territory equal to at least 5% of the population of the territory affected by the proposed new incorporation, or 100, whichever number is greater.
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[Danny]

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[[3) Except as provided in subsection [[6) and section 10a, petitions for incorporation shall be filed with the commission. The commission shall exercise the powers and carry out the duties of the board of supervisors, the village council, or the secretary of state in relation to incorporations.
[[4) A census of the territory affected by an incorporation or consolidation as provided in section 2 of Act No. 278 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, being section 78.2 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, or by section 6 of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, being section 117.6 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, shall not be taken unless a proper petition for the incorporation or consolidation has been filed with the commission and the census has been specifically ordered by the commission.
[[5) Except as provided in subsection [[6) and section 10a, while this act is in effect no other means of incorporation of a city or village shall be effective.
[[6) The incorporation of a general law village as a home rule village without a change of boundaries shall be initiated as prescribed in and subject to Act No. 278 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973 ;-- Am. 1981, Act 67, Imd. Eff. June 23, 1981 ;-- Am. 1982, Act 457, Imd. Eff. Dec. 30, 1982
Section 123.1007a

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1007a Violation of MCL 168.1 to 168.992 applicable to petitions; penalties.
Sec. 7a.
A petition under section 10[[3) or 12a[[3), including the circulation and signing of the petition, is subject to section 488 of the Michigan election law, 1954 PA 116, MCL 168.488. A person who violates a provision of the Michigan election law, 1954 PA 116, MCL 168.1 to 168.992, applicable to a petition described in this section is subject to the penalties prescribed for that violation in the Michigan election law, 1954 PA 116, MCL 168.1 to 168.992.

History: Add. 1998, Act 191, Eff. Mar. 23, 1999



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[Danny]

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Section 123.1008

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1008 Review of proposed incorporations; certifying nonconformance of petition; return of petition; public hearing; commencement of time period; notice of hearing; sufficiency or legality of petition.
Sec. 8.
[[1) The commission shall review proposed incorporations considering the criteria established by section 9.
[[2) If the commission finds that a petition does not conform to this act, to Act No. 278 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, or Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, to the extent that the requirements are not superseded by this act, or to the rules of the commission, it shall certify the nonconformance, stating the reasons for the nonconformance, and return the petition to the person from whom it was received with the certificate.
[[3) At least 60 days but not more than 220 days after the filing with the commission of a sufficient petition proposing incorporation, the commission shall hold a public hearing at a convenient place in the area proposed to be incorporated. At the public hearing the reasonableness of the proposed incorporation based on the criteria established in this act shall be considered. If section 6 prohibits the commission's acting on a petition because 1 or more petitions or resolutions have priority the time period provided in this section shall commence on the date upon which the prohibition ceases.
[[4) The commission shall give notice of the hearing in the manner required by section 4a[[1) and by publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the area at least 7 days before the date of the hearing, and by certified mail to the clerks of municipalities and townships affected, at least 30 days before the date of the hearing. After the commission has entered its order for a public hearing on an incorporation proposal, neither the sufficiency nor legality of the petition shall be questioned in a proceeding.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973 ;-- Am. 1978, Act 599, Imd. Eff. Jan. 4, 1979
Compiler's Notes: For provisions of Act 278 of 1909 and Act 279 of 1909, referred to in this section, see MCL 78.1 et seq. and MCL 117.1 et seq.
Admin Rule: R 123.1 et seq. of the Michigan Administrative Code.



Section 123.1009

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1009 Review of proposed incorporation; criteria.
Sec. 9.
Criteria to be considered by the commission in arriving at a determination shall be:
[[a) Population; population density; land area and land uses; assessed valuation; topography, natural boundaries and drainage basins; the past and probable future urban growth, including population increase and business, commercial and industrial development in the area. Comparative data for the incorporating municipality, and the remaining portion of the unit from which the area will be detached shall be considered.
[[b) Need for organized community services; the present cost and adequacy of governmental services in the area to be incorporated; the probable future needs for services; the practicability of supplying such services in the area to be incorporated; the probable effect of the proposed incorporation and of alternative courses of action on the cost and adequacy of services in the area to be incorporated and on the remaining portion of the unit from which the area will be detached; the probable increase in taxes in the area to be incorporated in relation to the benefits expected to accrue from incorporation; and the financial ability of the incorporating municipality to maintain urban type services in the area.
[[c) The general effect upon the entire community of the proposed action; and the relationship of the proposed action to any established city, village, township, county or regional land use plan.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968
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[Danny]

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Section 123.1010

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1010 Denial or approval of proposed incorporation; revision of boundaries; referendum on question of incorporation.
Sec. 10.
[[1) After the public hearing on a proposed incorporation and review thereof by the commission, the commission may deny the proposed incorporation, approve the petition, or revise the boundaries of the area proposed for incorporation and approve the proposal as revised.
[[2) If an incorporation proposal is denied by the commission, its order is final immediately and the secretary shall transmit a certified copy of the order to the petitioner and the clerk of each city, village, and township affected.
[[3) If an incorporation proposal is approved with or without a revision of the boundaries, the commission's order is final 45 days after the date of the order unless within that 45 days a petition for a referendum is filed with the commission that contains the signatures of at least 5% of the registered electors residing in the area to be incorporated as approved by the commission. If a petition is not filed and the commission's order becomes final, the secretary shall send a certified copy of the order to the petitioner, to the clerk of each county, city, village, or township affected, and to the secretary of state. Charter commission elections and proceedings under the home rule village act, 1909 PA 278, MCL 78.1 to 78.28, or the home rule city act, 1909 PA 279, MCL 117.1 to 117.38, shall follow.
[[4) If a referendum petition is filed, the commission, after determining the validity of the petition, shall order a referendum on the question of incorporation to be held in the area approved for incorporation and shall specify a date later than the referendum on which the commission's order shall become final if the proposal is approved at the referendum.
[[5) If a majority of the electorate voting on the question in the territory approved for incorporation voting collectively approves the incorporation, the commission's order shall become final on the date specified therein, the secretary shall send a certified copy of the order to the petitioner, to the clerk of each county, city, village, or township affected, and to the secretary of state. Charter commission elections and proceedings under the home rule village act, 1909 PA 278, MCL 78.1 to 78.28, or the home rule city act, 1909 PA 279, MCL 117.1 to 117.38, and except as provided in subsection [[6), shall follow. Otherwise the incorporation shall not take effect and no further proceedings on the petition shall take place.
[[6) If on submission of a second charter, a favorable vote by a majority of the electors residing in the area proposed for incorporation is not obtained, the incorporation proceedings shall end and the charter commission shall have no further authority to act or to submit another charter to the electors. If a charter has not been adopted within a period of 3 years following the date the commission's order becomes final, or if within the 3-year period the charter commission does not reconvene within 90 days after the election at which the first proposed charter was defeated, the incorporation proceedings are ended.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973 ;-- Am. 2008, Act 419, Imd. Eff. Jan. 6, 2009
Compiler's Notes: For provisions of Act 278 of 1909 and Act 279 of 1909, referred to in this section, see MCL 78.1 et seq. and MCL 117.1 et seq.



Section 123.1010a

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1010a Incorporation of village as city; population and other incorporation requirements; initiation; submittal to electors; election of charter commissioners; effective date of incorporation; stay of proposed change of boundaries after incorporation approved by electors; division of assets and liabilities.
Sec. 10a.
[[1) In compliance with section 20 of article 7 of the state constitution of 1963, if all the territory of an organized township is included within the boundaries of a village or villages, the village or villages, without boundary changes, may be incorporated as a city or cities as provided in this section. The incorporation shall include all the territory within the boundaries of a village notwithstanding that the village includes territory within another organized township a part of which township lies without the boundaries of the village.
[[2) Except as otherwise provided in this section, incorporation under this section is not governed by the population and other incorporation requirements of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, being sections 117.1 to 117.38 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.
[[3) Incorporation under this section is initiated by a resolution of the village council which resolution shall call for a referendum on the incorporation. The proposed incorporation shall be submitted to the qualified electors of the village at the next regular village election occurring not less than 40 days after adoption of the resolution. If the next regular village election will not occur within 90 days, the resolution may fix a date preceding the next regular village election for a special election on the proposed incorporation.
[[4) The resolution proposing incorporation may also call for an election of charter commissioners as provided in Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended.
[[5) Incorporation under this section is effective when a charter is adopted and filed as provided in Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended.
[[6) After an incorporation under this section is approved by a majority of the electors voting on the question, a proposed change of boundaries by incorporation, consolidation, or annexation shall be stayed until proceedings under this section are finished.
[[7) Assets and liabilities of the township, townships, or parts of townships affected by the incorporation of a city shall be divided on the effective date of incorporation as provided in section 14 of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, being section 117.14 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.

History: Add. 1982, Act 457, Imd. Eff. Dec. 30, 1982
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[Danny]

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1011 Succession to property and liabilities; division of properties; sharing of revenues; tax assessment and collection.
Sec. 11.
Succession to property and liabilities, division of properties, sharing in revenue from various taxes and state funds distributable among local units and assessment and collection of taxes in newly incorporated municipalities shall be governed by the existing provisions of law.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968
Section 123.1011a

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1011a Jurisdiction over annexation petitions or resolutions.
Sec. 11a.
The commission shall have jurisdiction over petitions or resolutions for annexation as provided in section 9 of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended.

History: Add. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973
Compiler's Notes: For provisions of section 9 of Act 279 of 1909, referred to in this section, see MCL 117.9.
Section 123.1011b

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1011b Resolution calling for referendum on question of annexation; conditions; filing; order; referendum and election resolution not passed; approval of annexation; applicability of section; section as alternative to referendum and election process provided for in MCL 117.9[[5).
Sec. 11b.
[[1) If the commission, after determining the validity of a petition or resolution for annexation, has ordered a public hearing pursuant to section 9 of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, being section 117.9 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, and if on the date the petition or resolution was filed more than 100 persons resided in the area proposed for annexation, the legislative body of each city and township affected by the proposed annexation may pass a resolution calling for a referendum on the question of annexation. If a copy of each resolution passed by the legislative body of each affected city and township is filed with the commission and the commission approves the annexation, the commission, in its order approving the annexation, shall order that a referendum on the question of annexation be held in each affected city and township. If a resolution calling for a referendum on the question of annexation is not passed by each affected city and township and filed with the commission, the referendum and election shall be subject to section 9[[5) of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended. However, if a referendum in each affected city and township is ordered pursuant to this section and if the majority of the electorate voting on the question in each city and township in which a referendum was held, voting separately, approve the annexation, the annexation shall be effective on a date set by order of the commission, otherwise the annexation shall not take effect.
[[2) This section shall apply to all petitions or resolutions for annexation filed with the commission after May 1, 1982.
[[3) This section is an alternative to the referendum and election process provided for in section 9[[5) of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, and does not supersede section 9[[5) of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended.

History: Add. 1982, Act 192, Imd. Eff. June 24, 1982




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[Danny]

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Section 123.1012

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1012 Petition for consolidation; filing; inclusion of township; contents of petition; rejection of petition.
Sec. 12.
[[1) Proceedings for consolidation may be initiated by the filing of a petition with the commission signed by a number of registered electors who are residents of 1 or more of the affected municipalities at least equal to 5% of the total population of the affected municipalities:
Provided, however, That no new city may be created by the consolidation process unless at least 1 of the municipalities to be consolidated is an incorporated city.
[[2) Any township having a common boundary that is contiguous with a city or village proposed for consolidation may be included in the consolidation if no village is incorporated within the territorial boundaries of the township or, if 1 or more villages are incorporated within the territorial boundaries of the township, then such village or villages shall be included within the consolidation. When any township is included in a consolidation, the term “municipality� as used in sections 12 to 17 shall include the township and the procedures set forth in such sections shall be altered as may be necessary to provide for the township.
[[3) The petition shall name the municipalities proposed to be consolidated and shall request the commission to take the proceedings necessary for consolidation under this act. The commission shall reject a petition for consolidation if a proposition to consolidate the identical municipalities has been voted on within the 2 years immediately preceding the filing of the later petition. This shall not prevent the consolidation of 2 or more municipalities, which were included in a proposed consolidation voted on in the preceding 2 years, with or without additional territory, if the prior proposition included 1 or more municipalities which are not included in the later proposition.
[[4) If the commission finds that a petition does not conform to the provisions of this act, Act No. 278 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, or of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, to the extent that provisions thereof are not superseded by this act, or to the rules promulgated by the commission, the commission shall return the petition to the person from whom it was received together with a certified copy of its reasons for rejecting the petition. If the commission finds that the petition is proper it shall proceed in the manner specified for the processing of petitions which propose incorporation.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973
Compiler's Notes: For provisions of Act 278 of 1909 and Act 279 of 1909, referred to in this section, see MCL 78.1 et seq. and MCL 117.1 et seq.
Admin Rule: R 123.1 et seq. of the Michigan Administrative Code.



Section 123.1012a

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1012a Denial or approval of consolidation; revision of boundaries; referendum on question of consolidation; notice.
Sec. 12a.
[[1) After the public hearing on a proposed consolidation and review by the commission, the commission may deny the proposed consolidation, revise the boundaries of the territory to be consolidated and approve the proposal, or approve the consolidation without any change.
[[2) If a consolidation proposal is denied by the commission its order is final immediately and the secretary shall transmit a certified copy thereof to the petitioner and the clerk of each city, village or township affected.
[[3) If a consolidation proposal is approved with or without a revision of the boundaries the commission's order becomes final 45 days after the date of the order unless within that 45 days a petition for a referendum is filed with the commission which contains the signatures of at least 5% of the registered electors residing in the area to be consolidated as approved by the commission. If a petition is not filed and the commission's order becomes final the secretary shall send a certified copy of the order to the petitioner and the clerk of each county, city, village or township affected and to the secretary of state. If the petition is filed, the commission after determining the validity of the petition shall submit the proposition to a vote of the electors of the affected municipalities and shall specify a date later than the referendum on which the commission's order becomes final.
[[4) In order to be adopted, the proposition to consolidate shall receive an affirmative majority vote in each municipality affected voting separately. If a majority of the votes cast in each municipality affected are in favor of the proposed consolidation the commission's order becomes final and proceedings may be conducted in accordance with sections 13 to 17. Otherwise the proceedings on the consolidation proposal shall terminate.
[[5) The secretary shall notify the clerk of each municipality affected by the consolidation of the date for the election and the question to be submitted. Each clerk shall arrange for an election on the question of the proposed consolidation and for the election of the charter commissioners to be elected from his municipality and he shall follow the procedure prescribed in the state election law except as otherwise provided in this act.

History: Add. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973



WAIT THERE'S MORE!

[Detroitnerd]

Jesus, Danny. Who wants to read all this junk?

[Danny]

CONTINUED...

Section 123.1012b

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1012b Jurisdiction of commission over reannexation of detached territory.
Sec. 12b.
The commission shall have jurisdiction over reannexation of territory detached under section 9b of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, being section 117.9b of the Michigan Compiled Laws, only to the extent provided in section 9b of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909.

History: Add. 1982, Act 457, Imd. Eff. Dec. 30, 1982
Section 123.1013

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1013 Proposed consolidation including portion of township; “municipality� defined; order; election and number of charter commissioners; appointment of charter commissioners; resolution; eligibility; applicability of subsection [[2).
Sec. 13.
[[1) If a proposed consolidation includes a portion of a township, the term “municipality� as defined in sections 1 and 12 when used in this section and sections 14, 15, and 17 means only that portion included within the proposed consolidated city. Except as provided in subsection [[2), when its order approving a proposed consolidation becomes final, the commission shall call an election of 9 charter commissioners who shall be registered electors of the municipalities proposed for consolidation, each having a residence of at least 2 years in the municipality from which he or she is to be elected immediately before the election. The commission shall determine the number of charter commissioners to be elected from each municipality proposed for consolidation, which number shall be as nearly proportionate as possible to the municipality's population. Each municipality proposed for consolidation is entitled to a minimum of 1 charter commissioner, regardless of population. If charter commissioners are elected at the same election at which the proposition to consolidate is submitted, the election of the charter commissioners is void if the proposition to consolidate is not adopted. If charter commissioners are not elected at the election at which the proposition to consolidate is submitted they shall be elected at a separate election to be held within 60 days after a favorable vote on the proposition to consolidate, which election date shall be set by the commission. A municipal officer or employee, elected or appointed, shall not be eligible for election to the charter commission.
[[2) The municipalities proposed for consolidation may, by resolution of their respective governing bodies, choose to appoint their charter commissioners pursuant to this subsection. If the municipalities proposed for consolidation choose to appoint their charter commissioners pursuant to this subsection, the commission, when its order approving a proposed consolidation becomes final, shall instruct the governing bodies of the municipalities proposed for consolidation to appoint not less than 8 and not more than 10 charter commissioners. The governing body of each municipality proposed for consolidation shall appoint an equal number of charter commissioners. The appointees for charter commissioner shall be residents of the municipalities from which they are to be appointed for not less than 2 years immediately preceding the appointment and shall also be registered electors in the municipalities from which they are to be appointed. The charter commissioners shall be appointed within 180 days after the commission's order approving a proposed consolidation becomes final as determined pursuant to section 12a[[3). A municipal officer or employee, elected or appointed, shall not be eligible for appointment to the charter commission. This subsection shall apply to all municipalities whose proposals for consolidation are approved by the commission after January 1, 1982.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973 ;-- Am. 1982, Act 192, Imd. Eff. June 24, 1982



Section 123.1014

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1014 Election on consolidation; form of ballot; expenses; canvass; returns; commissioners.
Sec. 14.
The ballot to be used in an election on consolidation shall be substantially in the following form:
“For consolidation of the cities [[and villages) of ............... and ............... [[naming each city or village) [ ] yes [ ] no�
Each municipality proposed for consolidation shall bear its own election expenses, the results shall be canvassed by the canvassing board of each municipality, and the returns thereof made to the commission. The nominations, qualifications of commissioners, form of ballot, election and all other things to be done in the election of commissioners, shall be as provided in section 15 of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended. The nomination and election in each municipality shall be separate, and the members of the charter commission from each municipality shall be the sole judge of the membership and qualifications of the commissioners elected from such municipality. If only 1 commissioner is to be elected from a municipality and his qualifications are challenged, not less than a majority of the other charter commissioners elected and serving shall be the sole judges of the qualifications of such commissioner.
WAIT THERE'S MORE!

[Danny]

CONTINUED...
Section 123.1015

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1015 Meeting of charter commission; notice; procedure for adopting charter; power, duties, and procedure of commission; submission of charter to electors.
Sec. 15.
The charter commission shall meet for organization at the time and place to be designated by the secretary, who shall notify each member elected in writing thereof. The procedure for adopting a charter and the powers, duties and procedure of the charter commission shall be as prescribed in Act No. 278 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, or of Act No. 279 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, except as otherwise prescribed in this act. When the charter commission has been elected, it shall proceed to formulate and prepare a charter, and agree upon a name or a choice of names for the consolidated city, which charter, when prepared, shall be submitted to the electors of the municipalities proposed for consolidation, for rejection or adoption. If the charter is adopted by a majority of the electors of each municipality proposed for consolidation, voting separately, the consolidation in the charter shall be operative at such time as shall be stated in the charter.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973
Compiler's Notes: For provisions of Act 278 of 1909 and Act 279 of 1909, referred to in this section, see MCL 78.1 et seq. and MCL 117.1 et seq.



Section 123.1016

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1016 Charter of consolidated city; preparation, contents; effect of adoption of provisions in charter.
Sec. 16.
In the preparation of a charter of a consolidated city, any power, limitation or provision granted to any of the cities or villages affected by the consolidation in any charter previously adopted by such city or village or granted or passed by the legislature for the government of such city or village and contained in the charter of the city or village at the time of the vote to consolidate may be included in the charter of the consolidated city, and when so included, such power, limitation, or the effect of any such provision shall continue with the same force and effect as when adopted by the city or village or granted or passed by the legislature in the first instance.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968
Section 123.1017

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)

Act 191 of 1968

123.1017 Corporate status of municipalities; submission of revised charter to electors; effect of unfavorable vote; termination of proceedings.
Sec. 17.
[[1) The corporate status of the cities and villages proposed for consolidation shall not be changed or in any way affected until the charter takes effect.
[[2) If the charter first submitted for adoption is not approved on the first vote taken by the electors, the charter commission may reconvene and prepare a new charter or prepare modifications or amendments to the first charter as they consider necessary, and shall submit the revised charter to the electors in the same manner and on a date to be fixed as in the first instance.
[[3) If on submission of the second charter a favorable vote by a majority of the electors voting separately in the municipalities proposed for consolidation is not obtained, the consolidation proceedings shall end and the charter commission shall have no further authority to act or to submit another charter to the electors.
[[4) If a charter has not been adopted within 3 years following the date the commission's order became final, or if within the 3-year period the charter commission does not reconvene within 90 days after the election at which the first proposed charter was defeated, the consolidation proceedings shall end.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973 ;-- Am. 2008, Act 419, Imd. Eff. Jan. 6, 2009



WAIT THERE'S MORE!

[Danny]

CONTINUED...
Section 123.1018

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1018 Judicial review.
Sec. 18.
Every final decision by the commission shall be subject to judicial review in a manner prescribed in Act No. 197 of the Public Acts of 1952, as amended, being sections 24.101 to 24.110 of the Compiled Laws of 1948.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968
Section 123.1019

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1019 State boundary commission within department of treasury; establishment.
Sec. 19.
The commission is established within the department of treasury.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968
Compiler's Notes: For transfer of State Boundary Commission from the Department of Treasury to the Department of Commerce, see E.R.O. No. 1980-1, compiled at MCL 16.732 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.




Section 123.1020

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STATE BOUNDARY COMMISSION [[EXCERPT)
Act 191 of 1968

123.1020 Repeals.
Sec. 20.
Act No. 390 of the Public Acts of 1913, being sections 123.21 and 123.22 of the Compiled Laws of 1948, is repealed.

History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968


History: 1968, Act 191, Eff. Nov. 15, 1968 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 362, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973
Compiler's Notes: For provisions of section 15 of Act 279 of 1909, referred to in this section, see MCL 117.15.


© 2009 Legislative Council, State of Michigan




WORD FROM THE STREET PROPHET!

Read the Michigan annexation laws very carefully and weep!

In Memoriam: Neda Soltani

[Retroit]

You could save us all a lot of reading, and yourself a lot of copy-and-pasting, if you just posted the clauses specifically prohibiting the combination of municipalities.

If we as Americans are not entitled to choose how we are to be governed, then what is the purpose of being American?

[Danny]

Jesus, Danny. Who wants to read all this junk?

Everyone, The law has spoken and there's NOTHING ethical about going ahead and skipping these laws.

WORD FROM THE STREET PROPHET!

The law may sleep, but it never dies.

for Neda Soltani

[Danny]

You could save us all a lot of reading, and yourself a lot of copy-and-pasting, if you just posted the clauses specifically prohibiting the combination of municipalities.

If we as Americans are not entitled to choose how we are to be governed, then what is the purpose of being American?

The American constitution laws are there to balance the power in order to prevent overruling of state, local and federal governments to have too much power over the other. There would be no other clauses, otherwise this nation might end up either a chaotic dictatorship or sudden poltical change of government regime that could have an 'upside down' totalitarian disorder. That is what happen to the Soviet Union, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Japan, North Korea, Cuba, England and lot's of various Middle Eastern Carribean, South American and African Nations. Anyone who took law school must read these kind of laws. There's plenty more that come from.

WORD FROM THE STREET PROPHET

God bless of forefathers who put these laws in the free country.

[Detroitnerd]

"The more laws, the more corrupt the government." --Tacitus

[Danny]

"Without laws, there would be chaos." -- Socrates

[Detroitnerd]

Those two statements aren't nec. incompatible.

[Retroit]

I'm not suggesting the law not be followed; it just looks to me that as long as the appropriate petitions, commissions, hearings, charters, etc. are complied with, that there is nothing that prevents consolidation. Are you saying that these laws prevent the consolidation of any 2 cities? Could you please cite your reference precisely?

[Retroit]

It looks to me like a petition has to be filed by 5% of the people, the boundary commission puts it up for a vote, and if each city has a majority vote in favor of consolidation, it's a done deal. How do you interpret it?